Comprueban que los videojuegos mejoran la destreza de los médicos a la hora de operar
(www.saludyciencias.com.ar / N.B.)- Han de ser pocos los padres de niños entre 5 y (poner la cantidad de años que usted, lector, decida) que no han mencionado frases como y advertencias sobre los videojuegos estas en las últimas tres horas.
Es que nunca como hoy los costos tan bajos de los equipos, la facilidad para duplicar CDs o DVDs con juegos, tanto de consolas como de PC y, muy especialmente, la preferencia de muchos padres de que sus hijos estén en sus casas con sus amigos jugando en vez que expuestos a los peligros de la calle, han hecho de los videogames un fenómeno que tiene, en general, muchos más detractores (entre quienes no lo son adictos a ellos, claro está) que impulsores.
Pero llama muchísimo la atención que estos últimos, es decir, entre quienes ven en la actividad una forma de entrenar y desarrollar determinadas capacidades, desde velocidad de reacción hasta pensamiento lateral; sean en su gran mayoría investigadores de diferentes áreas de la ciencia, que van desde la psicología hasta la oftalmología, pasando por la neurología.
Y un último descubrimiento leva mucho agua al molino de este grupo de defensores de los videos: Douglas Gentile, profesor de psicología de la Universidad de Iowa, en Estados Unidos, presentó un estudio sobre el impacto de los videojuegos en la instrucción de los cirujanos en el siglo XXI, elaborado con otros cinco autores, en la reunión anual de la Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología, que se celebra en Boston (Massachusetts). Sus resultados fueron concluyentes: los videojuegos mejoran la destreza de los cirujanos hasta el punto de que los pacientes que se van a someter a una operación deberían de preguntar si al médico le gusta entretenerse con ellos.
La característica obligada de la experiencia fue dejar de lado cualquier percepción subjetiva, y llevar a números la evidencia empírica : es decir, si en efecto, la destreza de los cirujanos aumentaba en aquellos que usaban tanto el joystick como el bisturí. Los resultados son contundentes .
Los cirujanos que antes de las operaciones habían pasado por lo menos tres horas entretenidos con los videojuegos cometieron 37 por ciento menos errores, fueron 27 por ciento más rápidos y lograron resultados 42 por ciento mejores que sus colegas que no jugaban , de acuerdo con el estudio.
Según Gentile, los cirujanos que estuvieron entre el tercio de los mejores jugadores con videos cometieron 47 por ciento menos errores y fueron 39 por ciento más rápidos que los otros que participaron en la prueba.
“Encontramos que los cirujanos que realizan laparoscopias y que jugaron con videos fueron más rápidos y más precisos y, típicamente, uno no tiende a ver estos dos ingredientes juntos cuando se trata de cirugía”, dijo Gentile.
Top Gun médico
La investigación se centró en el Programa Top Gun de Destreza y Suturación en Laparoscopia, que se ha usado para instruir a miles de cirujanos que usan esta técnica quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva pero que requiere de gran precisión en todo el mundo; y en la experiencia participaron 33 cirujanos del Centro Médico Beth Israel, sin preferencia genérica: fueron 15 hombres y 18 mujeres. Sus especialidades incluyeron cirugía general (22), urología (2) y obstetricia y ginecología (9).
De los 33 participantes en la experiencia, 19 cirujanos declararon que jugaban con videos, y de éstos hubo 10 que dijeron no dejar un día sin hacerlo.
Durante la prueba, la exigencia a que se sometió a losa cirujanos fue simple: además del programa de instrucción se pidió a los participantes que jugaran en tres juegos de videos elegidos sobre la base de su capacidad para el desarrollo de destrezas específicas: los elegidos fueron “Super Monkey Ball 2″ para el Gamecube (Nintendo); “Star Wars Racer Revenge” para la Playstation 2 (Sony), y “Silent Scope” para Xbox (Microsoft).
A lo largo de todo el estudio la cantidad de tiempo pasado con los juegos y la destreza demostrada con los videojuegos aparecieron relacionadas con una mayor velocidad y una disminución de los errores .
Los investigadores llegaron a la conclusión de que la capacidad en el pasado y la destreza presente con los videojuegos son factores más importantes en la habilidad laparoscópica que factores tradicionales más reconocidos, como los años de instrucción y el número de procesos médicos efectuados.
Para Gentile, lo más sorprendente es que los cirujanos no están practicando simplemente las destrezas idénticas que se usan en un simulador quirúrgico. También fue una sorpresa el hecho de que el que hubiesen jugado con videos comerciales fuese un indicador tan firme de destrezas quirúrgicas avanzadas “.
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