NASA ofrece detalles crudos de la explosión del Columbia
WASHINGTON. (AP)- Los sujetadores de los asientos, los trajes de presión y los cascos de la tripulación condenada del transbordador espacial Columbia no trabajaron adecuadamente, lo que llevó a que sufrieran un “trauma letal” cuando su nave, fuera de control, perdió presión y se despedazó provocando la muerte de sus siete astronautas, señala un nuevo informe de la NASA. Por lo menos un integrante de la tripulación estaba vivo y presionó algunos botones durante medio minuto después de que sonara la primera alarma e intentó equilibrar inútilmente al columbia durante el fatídico viaje del 1 de febrero del 2003.
De hecho, para ese momento, ya nada se podía hacer para sobrevivir, pues el transbordador, dañado mortalmente, surcó el cielo del estado de Texas hacia un posible aterrizaje en la Florida que nunca ocurrió.
Sin embargo, la Dirección Nacional para la Aeronáutica y el Espacio (NASA) ha investigado los instantes finales de la tragedia del transbordador, en un nuevo informe de 400 páginas que fue dado a conocer el martes.
La NASA espera ayudar a los ingenieros a diseñar una nueva cápsula de reemplazo de transbordadores que sea lo suficientemente capaz de sobrevivir a un accidente.
Un equipo interno de la NASA recomendó 30 cambios basados en la tragedia del Columbia, muchos de ellos encaminados a la preparación de los trajes presurizados, de cascos y cinturones de asientos.
Como ya se sabía, los astronautas murieron o por falta de oxígeno al perderse la presión interna de la nave o por golpear con algo cuando la nave giró violentamente fuera de control. El informe señaló que no estaba claro cuál de esos eventos fue el que los mató.
En el caso de los cascos y de otros equipos, tres integrantes de la tripulación no llevaban puestos los guantes, que ofrecen una protección que resulta crucial en caso de una pérdida de presión.
Uno de ellos no estaba en su asiento, otro no estaba usando el casco y varios de ellos no estaban atados adecuadamente a sus asientos.
Algunos no traían guantes porque son demasiado voluminosos para realizar algunas tareas y había muy poco tiempo para preparar el regreso a la atmósfera terrestre, destaca el informe.
Si se hubieran cumplido todos esos procedimientos, los astronautas habrían podido vivir más tiempo y quizás habrían adoptado más medidas, pero aún así no habrían sobrevivido, de acuerdo con el informe.
El nuevo documento llega cinco años después que una comisión de investigación independiente emitió su propio análisis exhaustivo en torno al Columbia, pero se enfocó fuertemente en las causas del accidente y en la cultura de la NASA.
El nuevo documento cita cinco “eventos” que pudieron haber sido potencialmente letales para la tripulación: la pérdida de presión justo antes o al momento que la cabina se partió; miembros de la tripulación inconscientes o muertos, que se estrellaban contra objetos al interior de la cabina; el ser lanzados fuera de sus asientos y del módulo; exposición a un casi vacío a 30.500 metros de altura (100.000 pies) y estrellarse contra el suelo.
El Columbia se desintegró al regresar a la Tierra al final de su misión espacial. El accidente fue provocado por un agujero en el ala izquierda de la nave luego que un pedazo de espuma de poliuretano, que sirve de aislante a los cohetes de propulsión, se desprendió y dañó al transbordador en el despegue.
El agujero en el ala la partió en su regreso a la Tierra, y en el accidente murieron el comandante Rick Husband, el piloto William McCool, los astronautas Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Laurel Clark, y el israelí Ilan Ramón.
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