Terapia contra desorden alimenticio
Estados Unidos. (BBC)- Cada vez más personas que sufren desórdenes alimenticios pueden beneficiarse de las “terapias conversacionales” que buscan liberarlas de los sentimientos obsesivos, dicen investigadores del Reino Unido.
Los científicos dicen que la forma de “terapia de comportamiento cognitivo” especialmente creada puede funcionar en cuatro de cinco personas.
Un estudio del American Journal of Psychiatry de la Universidad de Oxford, llevado a cabo con 154 personas, halló que la mayoría de las personas tratadas lograron una mejora “completa y duradera”.
Hasta el momento, el tratamiento es oficialmente recomendado sólo para pacientes con bulimia.
Pero el profesor Christopher Fairburn, que lideró el proyecto, cree que su versión puede ayudar a muchas más personas. Su investigación se centró en pacientes bulímicos y “atípicos” y excluyó a los anoréxicos.
La técnica consiste en una serie de sesiones de asesoramiento que guían a la persona a develar los vínculos entre sus emociones y su comportamiento, y a poner en práctica formas de cambiar lo que están haciendo.
Fairburn desarrolló dos versiones para personas con desórdenes alimenticios: uno centrado completamente en este tipo de desórdenes y el otro, más amplio, que incluye problemas en la autoestima que pueden estar contribuyendo.
Ambos tratamientos consisten en sesiones de 50 minutos una vez por semana durante 20 semanas.
Los resultados mostraron que los pacientes respondieron positivamente y que su mejora duró un año lapso en el que hay más probabilidades de tener una recaída.
Dos tercios de los pacientes tuvieron una reacción “completa y duradera”, y varios del otro tercio mostraron una mejora sustancial.
Por primera vez tenemos un tratamiento que puede ser efectivo en la mayoría de los casos, sin necesidad de hospitalizar a los pacientes.
Tiene el potencial de mejorar las vidas de cientos de miles de personas que viven con desórdenes alimenticios.
Susan Muir, de 39 años, afirma que la técnica la ayudó a liberarla de los desórdenes alimenticios y de comportamiento que había sufrido por años, cuando comía compulsivamente y luego se ejercitaba obsesivamente.
La técnica me ayudó a darme cuenta de lo que estaba haciendo y tornó esos pensamientos irracionales en racionales.
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